Intelligence Quotient: What is it basically, what factors impact it, and can we actually boost it?:
The IQ Debate: Unlocking the Mysteries of Intelligence
Dikshit Chawla, 2nd MBBS, GMC Patiala
“The true sign of intelligence is not knowledge but imagination.” – Albert Einstein
For decades, researchers have sought to unravel the mysteries of human intelligence, exploring everything from genetics to brain structure to environmental influences. At the heart of this research lies the concept of IQ, a measure that has come to define our understanding of intelligence itself. But what exactly is intelligence and how do we measure it?
The classic texts defines IQ (Intelligence Quotient) as a numerical score that intends to measure a person’s cognitive abilities and intellectual potential. The intelligence quotient is typically determined through the administration of standardized tests, which assess a range of cognitive skills such as problem-solving, memory, spatial reasoning, and linguistic ability. However, it’s important to note that IQ is just one aspect of intelligence, and factors such as emotional intelligence and creativity may also play a significant role in a person’s overall intellectual abilities.
The topic, IQ: Nature vs Nurture has been long debated amongst academic scholars and even discussed by the layman. Let’s now throw some light and see what research has to say on the factors impacting one’s IQ. Do we possess the power to increase our IQ score or is it just a gift to us from nature? While IQ is influenced by a variety of factors, two of the most important are genetics and environment.
Genetics can play a significant role in determining IQ, with studies suggesting that IQ scores tend to run in families. Research has shown that genetic factors account for up to 50% of the variation in IQ scores between individuals.
The environment in which a person grows can have a profound impact on their IQ. For example, children who are raised in poverty or who experience chronic stress may be at increased risk for lower IQ scores. This is because stress and poverty can impact brain development and lead to a range of negative outcomes, including lower IQ scores.
Other environmental factors that can impact IQ include nutrition, access to education, and exposure to toxins such as lead. For example, studies have shown that children who receive proper nutrition and early childhood education tend to have higher IQ scores than those who do not. It’s also worth noting that IQ is not a fixed measure and can be influenced by a range of factors throughout a person’s life.
Now that we have unlocked and sailed through the various mysteries of intelligence, a high IQ score is a golden reward in the trunk we all crave for. Let us explore what literature has to say about this.
1. Cognitive training: One way to increase IQ is through cognitive training, which involves practicing specific cognitive skills such as working memory or problem-solving. Studies have shown that cognitive training can lead to improvements in IQ scores, particularly in children and adolescents.
2. Physical exercise: Regular physical exercise has been shown to positively impact cognitive function and may also help increase IQ. Research suggests that aerobic exercise in particular can improve cognitive performance and increase brain volume in key areas associated with IQ. 3. Proper nutrition: A balanced and nutrient-dense diet can support brain health and cognitive function, which may in turn lead to an increase in IQ. Research has shown that certain nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids and Vitamin B, can positively impact IQ scores.
Music training: Learning to play a musical instrument or engaging in other forms of music has been linked to higher IQ scores, particularly in children. This may be because music training requires the use of a range of cognitive skills, including memory, attention, and spatial reasoning.
5. Sleep: Getting enough sleep is critical for cognitive function, and studies have shown that sleep deprivation can lead to a decrease in IQ scores. Prioritizing quality sleep may therefore be an effective way to support cognitive health and potentially increase IQ.
6. Social engagement: Engaging in social activities and maintaining social connections have been linked to better cognitive function and may also help to increase IQ. Research suggests that social engagement can support brain health and cognitive function in a variety of ways, such as by reducing stress and promoting neuroplasticity.
“A high IQ score does not guarantee success, happiness, or virtue, but it sure beats the alternative.”
References:
1. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/990579
2. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_quotient
3. Makharia A, Nagarajan A, Mishra A, Peddisetty S, Chahal D, Singh Y. Effect of environmental factors on intelligence quotient of children. Ind Psychiatry J. 2016 Jul-Dec;25(2):189-194. doi: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_52_16. PMID: 28659699; PMCID: PMC5479093.
4. Chen P, Chen F. [A study on factors contributing to intelligence in 857 children]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1999 Sep;33(5):292-4. Chinese. PMID: 11864495.
5. Johnson FW. Biological factors and psychometric intelligence: a review. Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr. 1991 Aug;117(3):313-57. PMID: 1756951.
Dikshit Chawla, 2nd MBBS, GMC Patiala
